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The DATABASE
A collection of scholarly articles and publications relevant to the Book of Mormon and Latter-day Saint beliefs
Letter to a CES Director: Why I Lost my Testimony (2013)
The original CES Letter Jeremy T. Runnells 2013 Jeremy T. Runnells, Letter to a CES Director: Why I lost my Testimony (2013)
Letter to a CES director: why I lost my testimony (2014)
The 2014 version of the CES Letter Jeremy T. Runnells 2013, updated 2014 Jeremy T. Runnells, Letter to a CES Director: Why I lost my Testimony (2014)
CES Letter (2017)
Jeremy Runnells makes several claims and accusations against the LDS church and its history, posing them as well intended questions. This document contains numerous lies, exaggerations and logical fallacies Jeremy T. Runnells 2013, updated 2017 Jeremy T. Runnells, CES Letter: My Search for Answers to My Mormon Doubts, (2017)
The Nahom Maps
Several maps from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries support details of Lehi’s journey as recorded in the Book of Mormon. In 1751, the renowned cartographer Jean Baptiste Bourguignon D’Anville became the first to include Nahom (or Nehem), Ishmael’s burial place in the Book of Mormon, in his map of Asia. This map and a 1771…
The Nahom Convergence Reexamined: The Eastward Trail, Burial of the Dead, and the Ancient Borders of Nihm
For decades, several Latter-day Saint scholars have maintained that there is a convergence between the location of Nahom in the Book of Mormon and the Nihm region of Yemen. To establish whether there really is such a convergence, I set out to reexamine where the narrative details of 1 Nephi 16:33–17:1 best fit within the…
Oman at the cross-roads of inter-regional exchange of cultivated plants
References both the Frankincense trial or incense road and the summer monsoons of the Qura mountains in which Nephi’s bountiful is located. K. Hammer, J. Gebauer, S. Al Khanjari,A. Buerkert 2009 Hammer, K. & Gebauer, Jens & Al Khanjari, Sulaiman & Buerkert, Andreas. (2009). Oman at the cross-roads of inter-regional exchange of cultivated plants. Genetic…
The Arrival of Strangers’: Teotihuacan and Tollan in Classic Maya History
David Stuart 1990 Stuart, David. “’The Arrival of Strangers’: Teotihuacan and Tollan in Classic Maya History.” Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, 1990.
Some Working notes on the Text of Tikal Stela 31
David Stuart 2011 University of Texas Austin
In the Thirty and Forth Year: A Geologist’s View of the Great Destruction in 3 Nephi
Bart J. Kowallis 1998 BYU Studies 37:3
Volcanic Destruction in the Book of Mormon: Possible Evidence from Ice Cores
Third Nephi 8 preserves a written account of a natural disaster at the time of Christ’s death that many assume to have been caused by volcanic activity. In a modern-day science quest, the author examines research done on glacial ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. Ice-core records can reveal volcanic gases and ashes that are…
“The Great and Terrible Judgments of the Lord”: Destruction and Disaster in 3 Nephi and the Geology of Mesoamerica
Review of Jerry Grover’s Geology of the Book of Mormon: Over recent decades, several Latter-day Saint scholars and scientists have offered analysis and comparison to geologic events and the destruction recorded in 3 Nephi 8-9. Jerry Grover makes an important contribution to this literature as he provides background on geologic processes and phenomena, details the…
A Modern Example of a Night without Darkness
A remarkable event recorded in the Book of Mormon was the night of Christ’s birth, at which time light remained even after sundown (see Helaman 14:3-4; 3 Nephi 1:8, 15). To some this seems impossible, totally unexplainable in scientific terms despite the fact that the Bible describes similar phenomena for the Israelite exodus from Egypt…
Hagoth and the Polynesians
Robert E. Parsons 1992 Robert E. Parsons, “Hagoth and the Polynesians,” in The Book of Mormon: Alma, the Testimony of the Word, ed. Monte S. Nyman and Charles D. Tate Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1992), 249–62.
Genome-wide Ancestry Patterns in Rapanui Suggest Pre-European Admixture with Native Americans
Rapa Nui (Easter Island), located in the easternmost corner of the Polynesian Triangle, is one of the most isolated locations on the planet inhabited by humans. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the island was first colonized by Polynesians around AD 1200, during their eastward expansion. Although it remains contentious whether Polynesians reached South America,…
Origin and diffusion of mtDNA haplogroup X
Reidla M, Kivisild T, Metspalu E, Kaldma K, Tambets K, Tolk HV, Parik J, Loogväli EL, Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Bermisheva M, Zhadanov S, Pennarun E, Gubina M, Golubenko M, Damba L, Fedorova S, Gusar V, Grechanina E, Mikerezi I, Moisan JP, Chaventré A, Khusnutdinova E, Osipova L, Stepanov V, Voevoda M, Achilli A, Rengo…
Mitochondrial echoes of first settlement and genetic continuity in El Salvador
“From Paleo-Indian times to recent historical episodes, the Mesoamerican isthmus played an important role in the distribution and patterns of variability all around the double American continent. However, the amount of genetic information currently available on Central American continental populations is very scarce. In order to shed light on the role of Mesoamerica in the…
Was Joseph Smith Smarter Than the Average Fourth Year Hebrew Student? Finding a Restoration-Significant Hebraism in Book of Mormon Isaiah
The brass plates version of Isaiah 2:2, as contained in 2 Nephi 12:2, contains a small difference, not attested in any other pre-1830 Isaiah witness, that not only helps clarify the meaning but also ties the verse to events of the Restoration. The change does so by introducing a Hebraism that would have been impossible…
A Mesoamerican System of Weights and Measures? Did the ancient peoples of Mesoamerica use a system of weights and scales in measuring goods and their values?
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 1999 “A Mesoamerican System of Weights and Measures? Did the ancient peoples of Mesoamerica use a system of weights and scales in measuring goods and their values?,” (1999) Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 8 : No. 2 , Article 8.
The Inscriptions from Temple XIX at Palenque
A 200 page book discussing the art and writings found with Temple XIX at Palenque including translations. Interestingly passages S-7 and S-7 use variations of the common Book of Mormon phrase “it came to pass” David Stuart 2005 Stuart, David. The Inscriptions from Temple XIX at Palenque. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, 2005.
Exploring Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan Languages
Review of Brian D. Stubbs, Exploring the Explanatory Power of Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan John S. Robertson 2017 John S. Robertson, Exploring Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan Languages,Interpreter: A Journal of Mormon Scripture 25 (2017):
Was There Hebrew Language in Ancient America? An Interview with Brian Stubbs
Brian Stubbs 2000 Stubbs, Brian (2000) “Was There Hebrew Language in Ancient America? An Interview with Brian Stubbs,”Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 9 : No. 2 , Article 9.
Exploring the Explanatory Power of Semitic and Egyptian in Uto-Aztecan
This book is full of technical details designed for a trained linguist. Brian Stubbs has toiled for decades as one of the foremost Uto-Aztecan linguists. His highly-acclaimed 2011 Uto-Aztecan: A Comparative Vocabulary is followed by this work. For many years he has been patiently gathering massive data that shows profound Semitic and Egyptian influences in…
Anachronisms in the Book of Mormon
Brant A. Gardner 2016 Brant A. Gardner, “Anachronisms in the Book of Mormon,” in A Reason for Faith: Navigating LDS Doctrine & Church History, ed. Laura Harris Hales (Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2016), 33-44.
The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5
Stephen D. Ricks 1994 Ricks, Stephen D. and Welch, John W., “The Allegory of the Olive Tree: The Olive, the Bible, and Jacob 5”(1994). Maxwell Institute Publications. 79.
188 Unexplainable Names: Book of Mormon Names No Fiction Writer Would Choose
Lehi, Nephi, Helaman, Shiblon, Moronihah, Amalickiah, Korihor, Pahoran, Lamoni, Zeezrom, Shiz—what strange names! Most are difficult to pronounce, remember, classify, and keep straight. And there are 188 of them. Joseph Smith claimed to have translated the Book of Mormon from ancient records that included authentic names, which he was not at liberty to change. Sharon Black and Brad…
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF WARFARE IN THE MAYA WORLD
Archaeological studies worldwide have revealed a wide range of cultural contexts within which practices of violence and warfare have occurred. In Mesoamerica, ongoing studies have enriched our understanding of social contexts of violence and warfare in Maya societies. This expanding body of field data allows deeper exploration of the ways violence was intricately linked to…
CLASSIC MAYA WARFARE AND WEAPONS: Spear, dart, and arrow points of Aguateca and Copan
this article discusses spear, dart, and arrow points used by the Classic Maya elites at the rapidly abandoned fortified city ofAguateca, Guatemala, and their temporal and spatial distribution patterns in and around Copan, Honduras. Both the royal familyand elite scribes/artists at Aguateca used spear and dart points for intergroup human conflict as well as for…
Mesoamerican “Cimeters” in Book of Mormon Times
The Book of Mormon first mentions a weapon called a cimeter during the time of Enos (some time between about 544 and 421 bc). Speaking of his people’s Lamanite enemies, Enos says, “their skill was in the bow, and in the cimeter, and the ax” (Enos 1:20). Later, in the first and second centuries bc,…
Revisiting the Seven Lineages of the Book of Mormon and the Seven Tribes of Mesoamerica
Diane E. Wirth 2013 BYU Studies 52:4
Wild Silk: An Introduction
The paper provides an overview of the historical and contemporary significance of wild silk across various regions, emphasizing its use in ancient civilizations, trade networks, and modern production. Wild silk, derived from local silkmoths, has played a crucial role in textiles from the Eastern Mediterranean to India and Africa. While the Americas are not mentioned,…
Rehabilitating Becan
David Webster 2021 Webster D, Ball JW. REHABILITATING BECÁN. Ancient Mesoamerica. 2021;32(3):371-395. doi:10.1017/S0956536121000262
Defensive Barricades of the Maya
Christopher Hernandez 2016 Hernandez, Christopher. (2016). Defensive Barricades of the Maya. 10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_10086.
Lowland Maya Fortifications
David Webster 1976 Webster, David. “Lowland Maya Fortifications.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 120, no. 5 (1976): 361–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/986267.
Tactical and Stategic Landscapes: A Study of Maya Fortifications at Tzunun, Chiapas, Mexico
Christopher Hernandez Although studies of warfare are now common in Maya archaeology, much remains to be learned about strategy, tactics, and various other practical factors in the process of making war. An emphasis on the concrete and practical is necessary to both acknowledge agency and understand how conflict relates to the human experience. Through an…
ETHNOHISTORICAL SOURCES AND THE DEATH OF ABINADI
Mark Alan Wright and Kerry Hull The death of the prophet Abinadi in the book of Mosiah in the Book of Mormon is only briefly described, but the details carry considerable significance. In this chapter we examine the circumstances and manner of the death of Abinadi. We propose that his death was not simply a…
The Book of Isaiah in Fifteen Studies
Robinson, George L. (George Livingston) 1910
The “Isaiah Problem” in the Book of Mormon
Sidney B. Sperry Doubts as to the literary unity of the book of Isaiahare fairly recent. The late nineteenth century sawa division of Isaiah into three parts by critics, whocategorized only 262 of the 1292 verses as the genuine product of Isaiah. These critics deny the prediction element of prophecy and highlight different literary forms…
A Scientific Analysis of Isaiah Authorship
La Mar Adams A stylometry study of the book of Isaiah concluding that evidence points strongly toward single authorship 1984 L. La Mar Adams, “A Scientific Analysis of Isaiah Authorship,” in Isaiah and the Prophets: Inspired Voices from the Old Testament, ed. Monte S. Nyman and Charles D. Tate Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham…
How Witnesses Described the Gold Plates
Kirk B. Henrichsen This article contains descriptions of the gold platesquoted directly from individuals who were closelyassociated with Joseph Smith Jr. Among those quoted are Martin Harris, Orson Pratt, and Emma Smith. The compiler also comments on the material of the plates. 2001 Henrichsen, Kirk B. (2001) “How Witnesses Described the Gold Plates,” Journal of…
Hebraisms and other Ancient Peculiarities in the Book of Mormon
Donald Parry 2002 Parry, Donald, “Hebraisms and Other Ancient Peculiarities in the Book of Mormon”, Echoes and Evidences of the Book of Mormon, 2002, pp 155-189
Hebraisms in the Book of Mormon: A Preliminary Survey
JOHN A TVEDTNES Though the book of mormon expressly states that it is written in in the language of the egyptians, nevertheless it quite clearly reflects a number of hebrew idioms and contains numerous hebrew words this is is no doubt due to the fact that the nephites Nephites retained the hebrew language albeit in…
Was Joseph Smith Smarter Than the Average Fourth Year Hebrew Student? Finding a Restoration-Significant Hebraism in Book of Mormon Isaiah
Paul Y. Hoskisson The brass plates version of Isaiah 2:2, as contained in 2 Nephi 12:2, contains a small difference, not attested in any other pre-1830 Isaiah witness, that not only helps clarify the meaning but also ties the verse to events of the Restoration. The change does so by introducing a Hebraism that would…
Does Chiasmus Appear in the Book of Mormon by Chance?
Edwards, Boyd F., and W. Farrell Edwards. “Does Chiasmus Appear in the Book of Mormon by Chance?” BYU Studies43, no. 2 (2004): 103-130.
Does Josephs Letter to Emma of 4 November 1838 Show that He Knew Chiasmus?
Boyd F. Edwards and W. Farrell Edwards, “Does Joseph’s Letter to Emma of 4 November 1838 Show that He Knew about Chiasmus?,” Dialogue: A Journal Of Mormon Thought, Dialogue Paperless: E-Paper # 4, August 26, 2006
What does Chiasmus in the Book of Mormon Prove?
John W. Welch, “What Does Chiasmus in the Book of Mormon Prove?” in Book of Mormon Authorship Revisited: The Evidence for Ancient Origins (ed. Noel B. Reynolds, Provo: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1997, pp. 218-219.
Chiasmus in the Book of Mormon
Chiasmus appears to have begun as a structural form which then developed into an intriguing rhetorical device which has been used sporadically in prose and poetry by many authors for nearly three thousand years nevertheless the awareness of such a form except in isolated cases remained a part of the intellectual subconsciousness of modern western…
None that Doeth Good: Early Evidence of the First Vision in JST Psalm 14
Walker Wright, Don Bradley 2022 Wright, Walker and Bradley, Don (2022) “”None That Doeth Good”,” BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 61: Iss. 3,Article 6.
More Evidence for Alma as a Semitic Name
Beginning with Hugh Nibley, several Latter-day Saint scholars have highlighted a deed found among the Bar Kokhba documents as evidence of the name Alma as a Jewish male name in antiquity. Here we highlight a second attestation of the same name used for a Jewish male from a slightly earlier period, as well as other…
Hugh Nibley review of Bar-Kochba by Zigael Yadin
Hugh Nibley reviews the book: “Bar-Kochba” relating its relevance to the Book of Mormon and the fascinating discovery of a land deed with the name “Alma son of Judah” now one of many attestation of Alma as a Hebrew male name. Hugh Nibley Nibley, Hugh. “Review of Bar-Kochba by Zigael Yadin.” BYU Studies Quarterly 14, no. 1…
The Personal Name Alma at Ebla
Identifies eight occurrences of the personal name Alma among six documents found at Elba, dated to the third millennium BC. Terrence L. Szink
What’s in a Name? Alma as a Hebrew Name
Is Mulek Mentioned in the Bible?
Observations of Robert F. Smith regarding Mulek and a plausible link to Malchiah mentioned in Jeremiah 38:6. This is also the earliest published details of a conversation between he and David Noel Freeman on the subject Author Robert F. Smith published 1984 Citation Smith, Robert F. “Is Mulek Mentioned in the Bible?” from “Insights, Vol.…
More About Mulek
A brief observation regarding the absence of the word “All” when speaking of King Zedekiah’s sons in the Biblical accounts Author Insights Published 1985 Citation (1985) “More About Mulek,” Insights: The Newsletter of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship: Vol. 5: No. 3, Article 5.
New Information about Mulek, Son of the King
A chapter of “Reexamining the Book of Mormon: A Decade of New Research” regarding the Melkiyahu Bullae and its possible tie to the Book of Mormon’s Mulek Author John W. Welch Published 1992 Citation Welch, John W., “New Information about Mulek, Son of the King” from “Reexploring the Book of Mormon: A Decade of New…
Has the Seal of Mulek Been Found?
Jeffrey Chadwick discusses the potential relation of the Melkiyahu bullae to Mulek Jeffrey Chadwick 2003
The Authenticity of the Bullae of Berekhyahu son of Neriyahu the Scribe
Authors Yuval Goren & Eran Arie Published November 2014 Challenges the authenticity of an artifact mentioned in many LDS papers offering Berekhyahu as a form of Beruch as an example of the plausibility of Melkiyahu as Mulek Citation Goren, Yuval & Arie, Eran. (2014). The Authenticity of the Bullae of Berekhyahu Son of Neriyahu the…
Quetzalcoatl, the Maya Maize God and Jesus Christ
Mormonism Unveiled
Author Doctor Philastrus Hurlbut, published by E.D. Howe Published 1834 The first book-length anti-Mormon publication, compiled senile coaxed statements about Joseph and the Smith family and introducing the infamous “Spaulding theory”
Mormonism Exposed
Author Origen Bacholer Published 1838 An anti-Mormon publication printed in 1838 Citation Bacheler, Origen. Mormonism Exposed, Internally and Externally. New York: O. Bacheler, 1838.
What’s in a name: Irreantum
Paul Y. Hoskisson Published 2002 A discussion of possible Semitic roots of the unique Book of Mormon word “Irreantum” Citation Hoskisson, Paul Y., Brian M. Hauglid, and John Gee. “What’s in a Name? Irreantum.” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies11, no. 1 (2002): 90-93, 114-15.
A complete etymology-based hundred wordlist of Semitic updated: Items 75–100
Author Alexander Militarev Published 2014 Found on pages 177-178 the Semitic root RWY seems to serve as the root of unique Book of Mormon word “Irreantum” with the provided translation of “many waters” Citation Militarev, Alexander. “A Complete Etymology-Based Hundred Wordlist of Semitic Updated: Items 75–100.” Journal of Language Relationship 11 (2014): 159–185. Moscow: Institute…
Discovery of Ancient Ruins in Central America
Author David Whitmer 1833 A witness of the Book of Mormon plate reports the publication of a letter of Juan Galindo to the London Literary Gazzete regarding exploration at Palenque Mexico. Adding remarks which include “we are glad to see the proof begin to come”
Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals
Author Avigad Naham Published 1997 Seal 15 found on page 55 is of particular interest to Book of Mormon readers, bearing the inscription of Malkiyahu, shortened form Mulek, son of the King, with the connection to Jer 38:6 this is the son of king Zedekiah. It is highly plausible, almost certain, that this belonged to…
Comparing Phonemic Patterns in Book of Mormon Personal Names with Fictional and Authentic Sources: An Exploratory Study
Authors Brad Wilcox, Bruce L. Brown, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Sharon Black and Dennis L. Eggett Published 2019
Some Notes on Book of Mormon Names
Author Stephen D. Ricks Published 2013 This study considers the Book of Mormon personalnames Josh, Nahom, and Alma as test cases for the Book ofMormon as an historically authentic ancient document.
Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions
Authors John A. Tvedtnes, John Gee, Matt Roper Published 2000 Archeological attestations of Book of Mormon names previously unknown
Study Shows Maya Civilization Decimated by Massive, Fiery War
Barri Bronston 2019 While these ruins date the destruction later than the Book of Mormon final destruction, it demonstrates the level of destruction capable by warfare of the early classic Maya.
Uaxactun After the Conquest by Teotihuacanos as Told by the Mural from Palace B-XIII
Authors Milan Covac Published 2019 The Conquest of Uaxactun by the the Teotihucanos around 400 AD, the same time of the great and last battles of the Nephites, this time period saw numerous cities destroyed and captured by Teotihuacan as they rose to power.
Cultural Dimensions of Warfare in the Mayan World
Nam C. Kim 2023 A study of warfare in the ancient world, during and shortly after the destruction of the Nephites
Mesoamerican “Cimeters” in Book of Mormon Times
Author Matthew Roper Published 2008 Catalogs the existence of weapons depicted in artifacts meeting the definition of “cimeters” as mentions in the Book of Mormon”
Classic Maya Warfare and Weapons: Spear, Dart and Arrow Points of Aquateca and Copan
Kazuo Aoyama 2005 Although this non-LDS study deals primarily with the classic maya, it may provide insight to the weapons and warfare of The Book of Mormon which occurs during the late preclassic and early classic eras
Revisiting the Seven Lineages of the Book of Mormon and the Seven Tribes of Mesoamerica
Author Diane E. Worth Published 2013 Comparisons are made between the seven tribes of Mesoamerica and the seven initial tribes of the Book of Mormon
Scientific Evidence for Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Voyages
Authors John L. Sorenson and Carl L. Johannsen Published 2004 A study of the vast evidence for pre-Columbian transoceanic voyages
Silk, from: The Unbroken Thread: Conserving the Textile Traditions of Oaxaca
Author Kathryn Klien Published 1997 In this selection from her larger work on textiles, Kathryn relates the precolumbian use of silk, acknowledging that it is debated but references the mention of silk being produced by the native cultures in 16th century Spanish documents Citation Klein, Kathryn, Silk, from: The Unbroken Thread: Conserving the Textile Traditions…
Rehabilitating Becan
Authors David Webster and Joseph W. Ball Published 2021 A study of the structures and fortifications of Becan during the time shortly after the Book of Mormon Webster, David, and Joseph W. Ball. “REHABILITATING BECÁN.” Ancient Mesoamerica 32, no. 3 (2021): 371–95.
Warfare in the Book of Mormon
Authors Stephen D. Ricks and William J. Hamblin Published 1990 A deep study of Book of Mormon warfare, including possible connections to ancient Central American warfare Citation Ricks, Stephen D. and Hamblin, William J., “Warfare in the Book of Mormon” (1990). Maxwell Institute Publications. 98.
Last-Ditch Warfare in Ancient Mesoamerica Recalls the Book of Mormon
Author John L. Sorenson Published 2000 Dr. Sorenson compares the warfare strategies and fortifications of the Book of Mormon to those of the Maya Sorenson, John L. (2000) “Last-Ditch Warfare in Ancient Mesoamerica Recalls the Book of Mormon,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 9: No. 2, Article 8.
CLASSIC MAYA DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS AND WARFARE IN THE PETEXBATUN REGION: Archaeological evidence and interpretations
Authors Demarest, Arthur & O’Mansky, Matt & Wolley, Claudia & Van Tuerenhout, Dirk & Inomata, Takeshi & Palka, Joel & Escobedo, Héctor Published 1997 A study of the fortifications and warfare of the Classic Maya, while a later time than most of the Book of Mormon, it may provide some insight into Book of Mormon…
Preclassic Maya Fortification at Muralla De Leon, Peten: Deducing Assets, Military Stategies, and Specific Threats Through Analysis of Defensive Systems
Author Justin Bracken Published 2023 A study of defensive systems near the time and potentially region of the Book of Mormon, deducing warfighting strategies and threats of the ancient lowland maya people Citation Bracken, Justin. (2023). PRECLASSIC MAYA FORTIFICATION AT MURALLA DE LEÓN, PETEN: DEDUCING ASSETS, MILITARY STRATEGIES, AND SPECIFIC THREATS THROUGH ANALYSIS OF DEFENSIVE…
Lowland Maya Fortifications
Author David Webster Published 1976 A study of Maya fortification near the time and potentially region of the Book of Mormon. These fortifications bear remarkable similarity to those described by Alma Webster, David. “Lowland Maya Fortifications.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 120, no. 5 (1976): 361–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/986267.
Becan: An Early Lowland Maya Fortified Site
Author David Webster Published 1973 A study of Lowland maya fortifactions from the time and potentially region of The Book of Mormon. These fortifications bear remarkable similarities to those described by Alma
Tactical and Strategic Landscapes: A Study of Maya Fortification at Tzunun, Chiapas, Mexico
Author Christopher Hernandez Published 2023 A study of fortifications in Mexico which bear similarities to those described within the Book of Mormon Citation Hernandez, Christopher. “TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC LANDSCAPES: A STUDY OF MAYA FORTIFICATION AT TZUNUN, CHIAPAS, MEXICO.” Ancient Mesoamerica 34, no. 1 (2023): 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536121000079.
Ethnohistorical Sources and the Death of Abinadi
Authors Mark Allen Wright, Kerry Hull Published 2018 Compares the death of Abinadi within The Book of Mormon to the known methods of torture and execution of ancient central America involving techniques similar to those described in the Book of Mormon Citation Mark Alan Wright and Kerry Hull, “Ethnohistorical Sources and the Death of Abinadi,”…
A New Hieratic Ostracon from Ashkelon
The discovery of a pottery shard in Israel with Egyptian hieratic writing including the word prophet, or seer.